THE EVOLUTION OF GOTHIC ELEMENTS IN 19TH CENTURY BRITISH LITERATURE

Abstract

This research examines the evolution of Gothic elements in 19th-century British literature, focusing on the thematic, stylistic, and structural shifts that characterize Gothic fiction throughout the period. Originating in the late 18th century, Gothic literature initially centered on the portrayal of supernatural occurrences, mysterious settings, and complex emotions, often illustrating the tension between fear and fascination. In the 19th century, these elements evolved alongside societal changes, influenced by the Romantic and Victorian periods, and adapted to reflect contemporary anxieties about science, psychology, and social decay. This study analyzes key works from authors like Mary Shelley, Emily Brontë, and Bram Stoker, assessing how Gothic conventions were redefined to explore themes of identity, mental instability, and the boundaries of human knowledge. Through a comparative analysis, the paper reveals how the Gothic genre mirrored cultural shifts and paved the way for modern horror, contributing to the literary exploration of the human psyche. By tracing the progression of Gothic elements, this study underscores the genre's versatility and enduring influence within British literature, offering insights into its transformation from traditional ghost stories to profound narratives probing societal and existential fears.